Original Research / Research Paper:
This is the most common type of journal manuscript used to publish full reports of data from research. It may be called an Original Article, Research Article, Research, or just Article, depending on the journal. The Original Research format is suitable for many different fields and different types of studies. It includes full Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.

Case Studies:
These articles report specific instances of interesting phenomena. A goal of Case Studies is to make other researchers aware of the possibility that a specific phenomenon might occur. This type of study is often used in medicine to report the occurrence of previously unknown or emerging pathologies.

Review Articles:
Review Articles provide a comprehensive summary of research on a certain topic, and a perspective on the state of the field and where it is heading. They are often written by leaders in a particular discipline after invitation from the editors of a journal. Reviews are often widely read (for example, by researchers looking for a full introduction to a field) and highly cited. Reviews commonly cite approximately 100 primary research articles.

Book review:
The structure of a review should include: (1) an initial identification of the article / book (author, title of article / book, title of journal (in case of an article review), year of publication, and other details that seem important), and an indication of the major aspects of the article ? book you will be discussing. a brief summary of the range, contents and argument of the article / book. Occasionally you may summarise section by section, but in a short review (1,000-1,500 words) you usually pick up the main themes only. This section should not normally take up more than a third of the total review. (2) a critical discussion of 2-3 key issues raised in the article / book. This section is the core of a review. You need to make clear the author's own argument before you criticise and evaluate it. Also you must support your criticisms with evidence from the text or from other writings. You may also want to indicate gaps in the author's treatment of a topic; but it is seldom useful to criticise a writer for not doing something they never intended to do. (3) a final evaluation of the overall contribution that the article / book has made to your understanding of the topic (and maybe its importance to the development of knowledge in this particular area or discipline, setting it in the context of other writings in the field).

Short commentary:
A commentary is an article based on an editor's request to an expert or person with extensive knowledge of a popular topic. Commentaries are short, narrowly focused articles of contemporary interest and usually take one of the following forms: (1) Discussion of an article or study that was recently published or that is soon to be published (including in eLight), and that is interesting enough to warrant further comment or explanation. This type of commentary discusses specific issues within a subject area rather than the whole field, explains the implications of the article and puts it in context. Opinions are welcome as long as they are factually based. (2) Commentary that is more editorial in nature and covers an aspect of an issue that is relevant to the journal's scope, for example discussion of the impact of new technology on research and treatment. (3) Brief Reports: These are not simply descriptions of something but also explore the potential impacts for evolution education and outreach, such as: Museum exhibits, Online resources, Software, Reports of major conferences/society activity/working groups, Case reports from educational projects that are not ready for a full article. Commentaries should not exceed 9000 words.